[문법] 구동사(Phrasal verb, Multi-verb)

구동사는 Paticle(소사)와 동사가 함께 쓰인 형태의 조합을 의미한다.

 

아래의 사이트에서는 이렇게 설명한다.

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/phrasal-verb

 

해석하자면, 개별 단어의 의미로 유추할 수 없을 관용적 의미를 가지기도 하는 catch on, take off, bring up, put up with 와 같이 하나의 의미를 가진 유닛인 것처럼 기능하는 동사와 하나 이상의 부사적 또는 전치사적 소사(paricle)의 조합.

 

아직 공부 중이라 해석이 매끄럽지 않다.

그러니까 하나의 단어 처럼 작동하고,

관용적 표현처럼 쓰이기도 하며,

단어 하나하나로만 봤을 때의 의미와 전혀 다른 의미로 쓰이기도 하는

동사와 둘 이상의 소사의 조합이다.

 

그래도 어렵다. 아무튼 느낌은 알 것이다.

여기서 소사는 구동사의 동사와 함께 쓰인 단어를 의미하는데 8품사로 표현하자면 전치사또는 부사이다.

본 링크로 들어가면 많은 예시가 있다.

 

아래는 구동사들의 예시 50개다.

 

ask somebody out
invite on a date
Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie.
[~에게 데이트 신청을 하다.]

ask around
ask many people the same question
I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet.
[주위에 물어보다.]

add up to something
equal
Your purchases add up to $205.32.
[~와 같이 되다, ~가 되다]

back something up
reverse
You'll have to back up your car so that I can get out.
[반대로 (이동)하다.]

back somebody up
support
My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job.
[~를 지지하다, ~을 뒷받침하다]

blow up
explode
The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence.
[폭발하다]

blow something up
add air
We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party.
[~에 (공기를) 불어넣다]

break down
stop functioning (vehicle, machine)
Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
[기능이 멈추다]

break down
get upset
The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died.
[낙심하다]

break something down
divide into smaller parts
Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts.
[~을 나누다]

break in
force entry to a building
Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo.
[침입하다]

break into something
enter forcibly
The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children.
[~에 침투하다]

break something in
wear something a few times so that it doesn't look/feel new
I need to break these shoes in before we run next week.
[~을 (미리 착용하여)길들이다]

break in
interrupt
The TV station broke in to report the news of the president's death.
[방해하다]

break up
end a relationship
My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America.
[(관계를) 끝내다, 헤어지다]

break outescapeThe prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren't looking.
[탈출하다]

break out in something
develop a skin condition
I broke out in a rash after our camping trip.
[~를 (피부)관리 하다]

bring somebody down
make unhappy
This sad music is bringing me down.
[~를 실망하게 하다]

bring somebody up
raise a child
My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.
[~를 데려오다]

bring something up
start talking about a subject
My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports.
[~에 대해 이야기하다.]

bring something up
vomit
He drank so much that he brought his dinner up in the toilet.
[~을 토해내다]

call around
phone many different places/people
We called around but we weren't able to find the car part we needed.
[주변에 전화하다]

call somebody back
return a phone call
I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend.
[~에게 콜백을 받다.]

call something off
cancel
Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancé.
[~을 취소하다]

call on somebody
ask for an answer or opinion
The professor called on me for question 1.
[~에게 물어보다]

call on somebody
visit somebody
We called on you last night but you weren't home.
[~를 부르다]

call somebody up
phone
Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in town.
[~에게 연락하다]

calm down
relax after being angry
You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car.
[진정하다]

not care for somebody/ something
not like (formal)
I don't care for his behaviour.
[~을 신경쓰지 않는다]

catch up
get to the same point as somebody else
You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
[따라잡다]

check in
arrive and register at a hotel or airport
We will get the hotel keys when we check in.
[체크인하다]

check out
leave a hotel
You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM.
[체크아웃하다]

check somebody/ something out
look at carefully, investigate
The company checks out all new employees.
[~을 살피다]

check out somebody/ something
look at (informal)
Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
[확인하다, 보다]

cheer up
become happier
She cheered up when she heard the good news.
[응원하다]

cheer somebody up
make happier
I brought you some flowers to cheer you up.
[~를 응원하다]

chip in
help
If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
[돕다]

clean something up
tidy, clean
Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside.
[~을 청소하다]

come across something
find unexpectedly
I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet.
[~을 우연히 마주치다]

come apart
separate
The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.
[분리되다]

come down with something
become sick
My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend.
[~로 인해 아프다(상태가 안좋다)]

come forward
volunteer for a task or to give evidence
The woman came forward with her husband's finger prints.
[자원하다, 제공하다]

come from some place
originate in
The art of origami comes from Asia.
[~에서 왔다, ~에 기원을 두고 있다.]

count on somebody/ something
rely on
I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.
[~를 의지하다]

cross something out
draw a line through
Please cross out your old address and write your new one.
[~에 줄을 긋다]

cut back on something
consume less
My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets and fatty foods.
[~을 덜 소비하다]

cut in
interrupt
Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle.
[방해하다]

cut in
pull in too closely in front of another vehicle
The bus driver got angry when that car cut in.
[끼어들다]

끝.